Deep-water benthic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton assemblages are reported from lower Paleocene bathyal turbiditic deposits cropping out along three local transects from the northern Eastern Carpathians (Romania). Paleoenvironmental investigations concerning these deposits have been carried out using both foraminifera (abundances, agglutinated foraminifera morphogroups, clusters, diversity) and calcareous nannoplankton (abundances, clusters, and principal component analysis). The agglutinated foraminifera morphogroups show high proportions of tubular, elongate subcylindrical, and flattened streptospiral forms. The composition of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages at the sea floor suggests intervals with increased organic matter flux and dysoxic conditions, while the calcareous nannoplankton indicates cold surface waters and generally mesotrophic conditions in the water column. The agglutinated foraminifer Rzehakina fissistomata (Grzybowski) and the calcareous nannoplankton species Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich) Schiller, Cruciplacolithus tenuis (Stradner) Hay and Mohler in Hay et al., Prinsius martinii (Perch-Nielsen) Haq, and Sphenolithus moriformis (Brönnimann and Stradner) Bramlette and Wilcoxon support a Danian age (NP3 and NP4 Zones) for these deposits, allowing the first detailed biostratigraphic calibration of the upper lower Paleocene deposits in the Eastern Carpathians. The foraminifera show similarities with other Paleocene assemblages described from deep-water environments of the wider Tethyan realm (especially from the Polish Carpathians) thus providing important paleoenvironmental criteria for regional correlations.